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What Causes Foundation Cracks?

Foundation cracks are primarily caused by geological and climatic conditions that stress a building’s structure. According to the provided documentation, several key factors contribute to these issues:

  1. Expansive Clay Soils: The soil expands and contracts significantly based on moisture fluctuations. This movement leads to differential settlement, which puts pressure on the foundation and causes cracks to form.
  2. Freeze-Thaw Cycles: In specific climates like Littleton, Colorado, the ground undergoes frequent freezing and thawing. This process can cause the soil to heave and damage concrete slabs.
  3. Poor Drainage: Topography that allows water to become trapped under the foundation can worsen erosion and weaken the structures support.
  4. Aging Infrastructure and Shallow Footings: Older homes may have footings that are not deep enough to bypass the soil layers most affected by moisture and temperature changes.
  5. Clay Shrinkage: When clay-rich soils lose moisture, they shrink, which can leave gaps and cause the foundation to settle unevenly.

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